字符串数组元素赋值:@tmp=qw(aaa bbb kkk 9000);相当于@tmp=
(“aaa”, “bbb”,“kkk”,“9000);
字符串比较,绝不能用==
,要用eq
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
print"input:";
while(chomp($input=<>)) {
print"your input is $input \n";
if ($input=="q") { print "choose q \n";last;}
elsif ($input=='n') {print "input is $input
\n";next;}
else { print "input ok,try again\n";}
print "input:";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
input:x
your input is x
choose q
即使是整形,也尽量用eq,少用==
while(chomp($input=<STDIN>))
for($i=1,$found=0;$i<=$int_num;$i++)
if ($input==$i) { $found=1;}
else
Do you want to change eth0:2 's ip address ? 回车
Argument "" isn't numeric in numeric eq (==) at ./address.pl line
77, <STDIN> line 2.
对整形变量$input==$i,如果$input是回车,并不走else,而是报错
正确的做法是:
不论整形字符串,都用eq
while(chomp($input=<STDIN>))
for($i=1,$found=0;$i<=$int_num;$i++)
if ($input eq $i) { $found=1;}
which interface you want to config ? choice a number 1 2 3 4
q:1
Do you want to change eth0 's ip address ?
字符串几种连接运算符
print "純金 ", $v1;
print $str, "\n\n";
.运算符 和,类似
也是字符串相加 但,通常只用于print 而.可以用在任何字符串相加的地方
print '12345 大家來跳舞' . " hello world";
12345 大家來跳舞 hello world
x运算符号
print "OK" x 4;
結果變成:
OKOKOKOK
为什么字符串相加只能用.
不能用+
$v1 = 99;
$v2 = '121';
print $v1 + $v2;
$v1 = 99;
$v2 = '121';
print $v2 . $v1;
220
12199
字符串的连接可以连接整形和字符形,整形也被当作字符型处理,没有printf里的%d问题
$min=1;
$date="date "."0".$min;
print $date,"\n";
[root@ntracker mac]# ./tip.pl
date 01
uc 轉成大寫,
lc轉成小寫
$str="abCD99e";
$str = uc($str);
$str="abCD99e";
$str = lc($str);
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCD99E
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
abcd99e
length取串长(字符数量)
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str="abCD99e";
$strlen=length($str);
print $strlen,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
7
substr
串,位置,长度
------- 取子串,注意从0开始数位置
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEFG1234567";
$a = substr $str, 0, 5;
print $a,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDE
$a = substr $str, -4,
2;
从倒数第4个开始,取两个字符
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
45
index
在字串中找尋某一子字串的起始位置
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEFG1234567";
$a =
"12";
$pos=index($str,$a);
print $pos,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
7
@数组=split
(pattern,串)
将字符串用某模式分成多个单词
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEi FG12i 345 6 7";
@array=split(/
/,$str);按空格分
foreach (@array) {
print $_,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi
FG12i
345
6
7
@array = split (/ +/,
$line);
当一行中各单词间的空格多于一个时
空格和TAB混杂情况下的 split
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEi
FG12i
345 6 7";
@array=split(/\t
/,$str);
foreach (@array) {
print $_,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi FG12i
345 6 7
因为同时满足TAB和空格的只有一处
@array=split(/[\t
]/,$str);
现在才是真正的按空格和TAB分
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi
FG12i
345
6
7
但还是有缺陷,TAB和空格相连时,TAB被认为是空格划分的子串,或者空格被认为是TAB划分的子串
用join定义字符串数组格式符号(缺省是,)
必须与qw( )合用
语法:join($string,@array)
@array=qw(one two three);
$total="one,two,three";
@array=qw(one two three);
$total=join(":",@array);
$total="one:two:three";
数组内grep
@array=("one","on","in");
$count
=grep(/on/,@array);
@array=("one","on","in");
@result=grep(/on/,@array);
2
one
on